The correct answer to the question is option 4, Machiavelli. Machiavelli was an Italian philosopher and political theorist during the Renaissance period. He is well-known for his book "The Prince," which is considered one of the fundamental works of modern political theory. In this book, Machiavelli used the term "State," or "Stato" in Italian, to refer to a centralized political organization with a governing authority. While it is true that political philosophers such as Hobbes, Plato, and Aristotle have also discussed and analyzed the concept of the state in their works, Machiavelli is generally regarded as the first to explicitly use the term "State" in the modern sense.