Paleogeology, also known as paleogeography, is the process of reconstructing and analyzing the historical maps of the Earth`s surface. It involves piecing together the puzzle of geologic time by examining various geologic data such as fossils, rock formations, and ancient climate records.

Option 1: Paleoclimatology focuses specifically on studying ancient climates and how they have changed over time. While it is related to paleogeology, it does not encompass the entire process of creating and analyzing historical maps of the Earth.

Option 2: Paleogeomorphology is the study of ancient landforms and how they have evolved over time. While it is also related to paleogeology, it does not cover the comprehensive process of creating and analyzing historical maps.

Option 3: Paleolithology is the study of ancient rocks and their composition. While it is a part of paleogeology, it does not involve creating and analyzing historical maps of the Earth.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 4: paleogeography, as it accurately describes the process of piecing together the puzzle of geologic time to create and analyze historical maps of the Earth`s surface.