The concept of demographic transition refers to a model that examines the relationship between economic development and natural population change. This model helps analyze how a population changes over time in terms of birth rates, death rates, and overall population growth.

Option 1: Analyzing government responses to changing patterns of population growth is not the focus of the demographic transition model. While government responses may be influenced by demographic changes, the model itself is not specifically designed for this purpose.

Option 2: Explaining major patterns of global population movement throughout history is not directly related to the demographic transition model. Although the model may indirectly contribute to understanding migration patterns, its primary concern is the internal changes within a population.

Option 3: Analyzing spatial variations in the distribution, growth, and movement of population over time is not the primary objective of the demographic transition model. The model mainly focuses on the relationship between economic development and natural population change, rather than geographical variations.

Option 4: Examining the relationship between economic development and natural population change is the correct answer. The demographic transition model provides insights into how economic development influences birth and death rates, leading to changes in population size and structure. It helps understand the stages and processes through which a society transitions from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates