Option 1 states that both the assertion (A) and the reason (R) are true and that the reason correctly explains the assertion. In this case, the assertion states that rain forests are the normal vegetation of equatorial climate and the reason is that the soil in these forests is very fertile. This is not entirely correct because while the assertion is true, the reason is false. Although rain forests are indeed the normal vegetation of equatorial climate, the reason that the soil is very fertile is not a correct explanation. Therefore, option 1 is incorrect.

Option 2 states that both the assertion and the reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. This is the correct option because it accurately describes the relationship between the assertion and the reason. While the assertion is true, the reason is false and does not provide a correct explanation for the assertion.

Option 3 states that the assertion is true but the reason is false. This is the correct answer as it accurately describes the scenario. The assertion that rain forests are the normal vegetation of equatorial climate is true, but the reason that the soil is very fertile is false.

Option 4 states that the assertion is false but the reason is true. This is not correct because the assertion is indeed