The correct answer is option 1: Wetland preservation. The Ramsar Convention is an international treaty that is dedicated to the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. Wetlands are defined as areas of marshes, peatlands, lakes, rivers, and coastal areas, which are saturated or covered with water either seasonally or permanently.

The Ramsar Convention was adopted in the Iranian city of Ramsar in 1971 and came into effect in 1975. It aims to promote the conservation and wise use of wetlands on a global scale. This is done through the designation of Wetlands of International Importance, also known as Ramsar Sites. These sites are recognized for their ecological value and are protected and managed to ensure the preservation of their biodiversity and ecosystem services.

The Ramsar Convention also facilitates international cooperation and information sharing among member countries to promote the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. It has been instrumental in raising awareness about the importance of wetlands and the need for their protection.