The Cartagena Protocol, to which India is a party, is related to option 2: biosafety, negotiated under the aegis of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Cartagena Protocol is an international treaty that aims to ensure the safe handling, transport, and use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and living modified organisms (LMOs).
Biosafety refers to measures taken to prevent or minimize the potential risks that may arise from the use of GMOs and LMOs. These risks may include negative impacts on biodiversity, human health, and the environment.
The Cartagena Protocol establishes procedures for the international movement of GMOs and LMOs, including the requirement of an advanced informed agreement (AIA) by importing countries. It also promotes the sharing of information and capacity-building among countries to effectively manage the risks associated with these organisms.
It is important to note that while combatting greenhouse gases and reducing global warming and climate change is an important global issue, it is not specifically addressed by the Cartagena Protocol. Likewise, combatting ozone-depleting substances and desertification are separate environmental issues that are addressed by other international agreements.