Option 1: This option correctly describes active transport. Active transport is the movement of a substance against a diffusion gradient, which means it moves from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This process requires energy, which is obtained from respiration.

Option 2: This option incorrectly describes active transport. Active transport always requires energy, so the movement of a substance against a diffusion gradient cannot occur without the use of energy.

Option 3: This option correctly describes active transport. It states that active transport involves the movement of a substance against a diffusion gradient with the use of energy from photosynthesis. However, it is important to note that photosynthesis is not directly involved in providing energy for active transport. The energy for active transport is typically obtained from ATP, which is produced through cellular respiration.

Option 4: This option incorrectly describes active transport. Active transport involves the movement of a substance against a diffusion gradient, so it cannot occur along a diffusion gradient. Additionally, the energy for active transport is obtained from the breakdown of ATP, not respiration.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1.