The correct answer to the question - "What is 16th October 1905 known for in the context of the Indian freedom struggle?" is "Partition of Bengal took effect."

Option 1: The formal proclamation of the Swadeshi Movement was indeed made in Calcutta Town hall, but it was not on 16th October 1905.

Option 2: The Partition of Bengal was a significant event that took effect on October 16, 1905, during the freedom struggle, leading to widespread protests and fueling the Swadeshi movement. It was carried out by Lord Curzon, the then viceroy of India, dividing Bengal into East and West Bengal in an attempt to curb the growing nationalistic fervor in the region.

Option 3: Though Dadabhai Naoroji did talk about the goal of Indian National Congress being Swaraj, it was not declared on 16th October 1905.

Option 4: Lokmanya Tilak did start the Swadeshi Movement in Poona, but again the date does not coincide with 16th October 1905. He initiated it in response to the partition of Bengal, but the specific start date is not 16th October.

The explanation thus focuses