Ashoka, the famous Mauryan emperor, called the Third Buddhist Council at Pataliputra. Pataliputra was the capital city of the Mauryan Empire, located in present-day Patna, Bihar, India.

Option 2, Magadha, is not incorrect as Pataliputra was located in the region of Magadha. However, it is not the specific location where the council was called.

Option 3, Kalinga, is incorrect as the Third Buddhist Council was not called in Kalinga. Kalinga was a region in present-day Odisha, India, where Ashoka had a significant military campaign.

Option 4, Sarnath, is also incorrect as the Third Buddhist Council was not called in Sarnath. Sarnath is a famous Buddhist pilgrimage site located near Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, where Buddha gave his first sermon.

Therefore, the correct answer is option 1, Pataliputra, as it was the specific location where Ashoka called the Third Buddhist Council.