The correct answer is option 3, Forestation. Forestation is the process of planting trees to create new forests. It typically involves converting non-forested areas, such as farmland or grassland, into forested areas. Forests play a crucial role in the water cycle, as they help to regulate rainfall patterns and maintain water quality. Forests act as natural sponges, absorbing rainfall and slowly releasing it back into the atmosphere through evaporation and transpiration. They also help to prevent soil erosion and regulate water flow in rivers and streams. Therefore, forestation would not contribute to water shortage, as it helps to maintain a healthy water supply. Options 1, 2, and 4 all have the potential to contribute to water shortages. Rapid growth of industries can lead to increased demand for water and pollution of water sources. Increasing population puts pressure on water resources, and mismanagement of water resources can lead to inefficient use and wastage of water.