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Option 1: Montesquieu
Montesquieu was a French philosopher who is best known for his work "The Spirit of Laws." Although he made significant contributions to political philosophy, he did not write "A Discourse on Political Economy."
Option 2: Voltaire
Voltaire was a prominent French Enlightenment writer and philosopher. While he wrote extensively on various subjects, including politics and economics, "A Discourse on Political Economy" was not authored by him.
Option 3: Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau, a Swiss philosopher, wrote "A Discourse on Political Economy." This work, published in 1755, focuses on the relationship between society and economic inequality. Rousseau`s ideas had a significant influence on political and social theory.
Option 4: Adam Smith
Adam Smith, a Scottish economist and philosopher, is renowned for his book "The Wealth of Nations." Although Smith is considered the father of modern economics, "A Discourse on Political Economy" was not authored by him.
Therefore, the correct answer is option 3: Rousseau.