The correct answer is option 3: Marxism. Marxism is a political theory and economic framework that was developed by Karl Marx. One of the main ideas behind Marxism is the concept of a classless society, where all forms of social hierarchy, including the state, would eventually disappear. According to Marxism, the state is seen as a tool of oppression and control, serving the interests of the ruling class. Marx believed that as the working class becomes aware of their exploitation and collective power, they would rise up and overthrow the capitalist system, leading to the establishment of a communist society. In this communist society, the state would no longer be necessary as all forms of social and economic contradictions would be resolved. Therefore, the dissolution or withering away of the state is seen as an integral part of achieving the ultimate goal of Marxism.