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The correct answer is option 2: the second law of motion.
The second law of motion, also known as Newton`s second law, states that the force acting on an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by its acceleration. Mathematically, this can be represented as F = ma, where F is the force, m is the mass, and a is the acceleration.
Weight, on the other hand, is a force. It is the measure of the gravitational force acting on an object. The weight of an object can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the object by the acceleration due to gravity, which is approximately 9.8 m/s^2 on Earth.
Therefore, using the second law of motion, we can determine the weight of an object by multiplying its mass by the acceleration due to gravity. Therefore, option 2 is the correct choice for determining the weight of an object.
Alert - correct answer should be option 4: laws of gravitation.