The Summary Settlement of 1856 was a significant event in colonial India. To understand the assumptions underlying this settlement, let`s examine each option.

Option 1 suggests that the Talukdars (landowners) were the rightful owners of the land. However, this assumption was not the basis of the Summary Settlement.

Option 2, which is the correct answer, states that the Talukdars were interlopers with no permanent stakes in the land. This means that they were seen as temporary or illegitimate occupants of the land. The Summary Settlement was based on the assumption that the Talukdars did not have a long-term claim to the land they occupied.

Option 3 posits that the Talukdars could evict the peasants from the lands. While this may have been the case in some instances, it was not the primary assumption underlying the Summary Settlement.

Option 4 suggests that the Talukdars would take a portion of the revenue flowing to the State. While the Talukdars did play a role in revenue collection, this assumption was not the central focus of the Summary Settlement.

In conclusion, the Summary Settlement of 1856 was based on the assumption that the Talukdars were interlopers with no permanent stakes in