Option 1 states that both statement I and statement II are individually true, and statement II is the correct explanation of statement I.

Statement I states that Chartism was a political reform campaign for democratic rights that swept over Britain between 1838 and 1848. This is true. Chartism aimed to address the grievances of the working class and to push for political reforms such as universal suffrage, secret ballots, and the abolition of property qualifications for Members of Parliament.

Statement II states that the trade union movement declined by the 1830s as it failed to fulfill the aspirations of the working class. This is also true. The trade union movement emerged in the early 19th century as a way for workers to collectively organize and advocate for better working conditions, higher wages, and shorter working hours. However, by the 1830s, the movement had faced significant challenges and internal divisions, leading to a decline in its influence.

The explanation provided in statement II aligns with statement I. Chartism, as a political reform campaign, gained momentum as the trade union movement declined in the 1830s. The discontent and unfulfilled aspirations of the working class, as highlighted by the declining trade union movement, contributed to the rise of Chartism. Therefore,