The correct answer is option 3 - force.
The rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force applied to it. This is described by Newton`s second law of motion, which states that the force acting on an object is equal to the rate of change of its momentum. Momentum is the product of an object`s mass and velocity, and it represents the quantity of motion possessed by the object.
When a force is applied to a body, it causes a change in its velocity, resulting in a change in momentum. The rate of this change is equal to the force applied.
Option 1 - Energy: Energy is not directly related to the rate of change of momentum. Energy can be transferred or transformed in the process of changing momentum, but it is not equivalent to it.
Option 2 - Power: Power is defined as the rate at which work is done or energy is transferred. While it is related to force and velocity, it is not directly equivalent to the rate of change of momentum.
Option 4 - Impulse: Impulse is equal to the change in momentum of an object. It is related to force and duration of time over which the force is applied, but it is not equal to the rate of change of momentum.
Therefore,