The correct answer is option 1, which states that the northwest part of the Indian peninsula was converted into a great center of vulcanicity at the end of the Cretaceous period.

To understand this, let`s first explain what vulcanicity is. Vulcanicity refers to the process of volcanic activity, including the eruption of volcanoes, the formation of lava flows, and the release of gases and ash. It is a key component of plate tectonics and the movement of Earth`s crust.

The Cretaceous period was a geological period that occurred approximately 145 to 66 million years ago. During this time, the Indian peninsula was undergoing significant tectonic activity, including the subduction of the oceanic crust beneath the Eurasian plate. This subduction zone resulted in the formation of the Indian Ocean and the upliftment of the northwest region of the Indian peninsula.

At the end of the Cretaceous period, as the subduction continued, it led to intense volcanic activity in the northwest part of the Indian peninsula. This resulted in the formation of various volcanic features, such as lava flows, volcanic cones, and ash deposits.

Therefore, option 1 is correct in stating that the end of the Cretaceous period was when the northwest part of the