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The correct answer is option 2: Latin. The scientific naming of animals follows a system called binomial nomenclature, which was developed by Swedish scientist Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century. According to this system, each species is given a unique scientific name that consists of a genus name (which is always capitalized) followed by a species name (which is always lowercase). The naming conventions are derived from Latin, as it was an international language used by scholars during Linnaeus` time. Latin was chosen for scientific naming because it is no longer a spoken language and thus has a stable and unchanging vocabulary. This allows for consistent and universally understood scientific names across different regions and languages.