Indonesian forest fire in 1997 was caused by

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Q: 22 (IAS/1998)
Indonesian forest fire in 1997 was caused by

question_subject: 

Current Affairs

question_exam: 

IAS

stats: 

0,12,83,32,11,40,12

keywords: 

{'indonesian forest fire': [0, 1, 0, 0], 'el nino effect': [0, 0, 0, 2], 'greenhouse effect': [3, 0, 0, 1], 'ozone layer': [6, 0, 0, 6]}

The 1997 Indonesian forest fire was a result of deliberate human activity – slash-and-burn farming methods – rather than a natural phenomenon. Therefore, the correct answer is indeed `None of the above`. To explain other options:

Option 1: Greenhouse effect refers to thermal heating of the earth`s surface caused by certain gases in the atmosphere. While it contributes to global warming, it doesn`t directly cause forest fires.

Option 2: Depletion of the ozone layer allows more harmful UV radiation to reach the earth`s surface. This can cause skin cancer and cataract in humans and affect marine life, but it doesn`t directly cause forest fires either.

Option 3: El Nino is a climate pattern associated with warming of certain parts of the Pacific ocean. It can exacerbate forest fires, especially if they coincide with periods of drought, but it isn`t the primary cause of those fires.

Thus, the explanation verifies the correctness of the provided answer - none of the options directly caused the 1997 Indonesian forest fire.