The correct answer is option 3: Increased deforestation in the catchment area. Deforestation refers to the clearing or removal of trees and vegetation from a specific area. When deforestation occurs in the catchment area, it leads to reduced vegetation cover, which affects the natural drainage system. As a result, there is an increase in the volume and speed of water flowing into rivers and streams during rainfall. This increased flow, combined with heavy rainfall, can lead to floods. Additionally, the lack of trees and vegetation also reduces the ability of the soil to absorb water, further contributing to flooding. Therefore, increased deforestation in the catchment area can be considered as one of the main factors responsible for the increased incidence of floods in North India.