The correct answer is option 1: political and civil rights.

Formal or procedural democracy refers to a political system in which citizens have the right to vote and participate in the electoral process. This type of democracy may provide a framework for holding elections and forming governments, but it does not necessarily guarantee the protection of political and civil rights.

Political rights refer to the rights that allow individuals to participate in the political process, such as the right to vote, freedom of speech, and freedom of assembly. Civil rights, on the other hand, pertain to the basic rights and freedoms of individuals, including freedom from discrimination and equal protection under the law.

Although formal or procedural democracy may provide a structure for democratic governance, it is possible for political and civil rights to be limited or violated even within such a system. Factors such as corruption, lack of accountability, and weak institutions can undermine the guarantee of political and civil rights in a democracy.

In summary, while formal or procedural democracy is an important aspect of democratic governance, it alone does not ensure the protection and enforcement of political and civil rights.