The correct answer is option 2: Tuberculosis. BCG immunization is a vaccination that is given to protect against tuberculosis (TB). Tuberculosis is a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body. BCG ( Bacillus Calmette-Gu鲩n) is a vaccine made from a weakened strain of Mycobacterium bovis, a bacterium similar to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It was developed as a preventive measure against TB and is administered to infants and children in areas where TB is prevalent. BCG immunization can provide partial protection against severe forms of TB in children. It stimulates the immune system, causing it to produce antibodies that can fight and destroy TB bacteria. It is important to note that BCG immunization does not provide complete protection against TB, and other preventive measures are also necessary.