To determine the quantity of fertilizer required to provide 1 kg of nitrogen to a fruit tree, we need to consider the percentage of nitrogen present in the fertilizer.
In this case, the fertilizer contains 20% nitrogen by mass. This means that for every 100 grams of fertilizer, 20 grams are nitrogen.
To find the quantity of fertilizer required to provide 1 kg (1000 grams) of nitrogen, we can set up a proportion:
20 grams of nitrogen / 100 grams of fertilizer = 1000 grams of nitrogen / x grams of fertilizer
Cross multiplying, we get:
20 * x = 1000 * 100
x = 100000 / 20
x = 5000 grams
Therefore, the quantity of fertilizer required to provide 1 kg of nitrogen is 5000 grams, which is equivalent to 5 kg.
So, option 4 is the correct answer.